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L2-1
Operational Procedures: Electrical Safety
Electricity is a significant hazard in working with computer systems and tools. Electricity is required to make workstations operate, but if you are not careful, electricity can cause serious injury to you and major damage to the computer you are working on.電力是使用計算機系統和工具的重大危險。要使工作站正常工作，需要通電，但是如果您不小心，用電可能會嚴重傷害您，並嚴重損壞您正在使用的計算機。
With regard to human injury, technicians can receive an electrical shock from computers or electrical outlets if special care is not taken when working with them. It is important to check all the power outlets to ensure they are working properly. When checking the outlets, you should verify that the outlet is providing the correct amount of power. If you are working in the United States, then you should expect to receive a voltage of 115 VAC to 120 VAC (volts of alternating current) from the power outlets in an office or home. This can be verified using a simple three-prong tester, voltmeter, or multimeter. Procedurally, you must never pull the cords out by the wires, as this can cause damage and fraying of the cables. Instead, you should plug in and remove cables by the plug on the end of the cord. It is important that you never use a frayed or damaged power cable.關於人身傷害，如果在操作計算機或電源插座時未特別注意，則技術人員可能會從計算機或電源插座中遭受電擊。檢查所有電源插座以確保它們正常工作很重要。檢查插座時，應驗證插座是否提供了正確的電量。如果您在美國工作，則應該期望從辦公室或家庭的電源插座接收到115 VAC至120 VAC（交流電壓）的電壓。可以使用簡單的三叉測試儀，電壓表或萬用表進行驗證。程序上，切勿將電線從電線中拉出，因為這會導致電纜損壞和磨損。相反，您應該插入電源線末端的插頭並從中拔出電纜。切勿使用磨損或損壞的電源線，這一點很重要。
In addition to keeping themselves safe, technicians need to keep computers safe from electrical damage. It is common to use a surge protector to protect computers from power spikes or surges. A power strip is not the same thing as a surge protector. Surge protectors are rated in joules (J), a unit of energy. The rating indicates the number of joules the surge protector can absorb before failure. A higher rating indicates greater protection for the computer. Also, you must not overload the surge protectors, and must never daisy-chain them, or plug one surge protector into another: this causes higher amperage draws that can lead to fires.除了保護自己的安全外，技術人員還需要保護計算機免受電氣損壞。通常使用電湧保護器來保護計算機免受電源尖峰或電湧的影響。配電盤與電湧保護器不是一回事。電湧保護器的額定功率單位為焦耳（J）。額定值表示電湧保護器在故障之前可以吸收的焦耳數。額定值越高，表示對計算機的保護越高。另外，您一定不能使電湧保護器過載，也不能以菊花鏈的方式將它們電擊，也不能將一個電湧保護器插入另一個電湧保護器：這會導致更高的安培數消耗，從而引發火災。
If continuous power to a workstation is necessary, you can use an uninterruptible power supply (UPS). A UPS should never be used for laser printers, as it draws too much power through the UPS and can cause damage to the printer.如果需要為工作站持續供電，則可以使用不間斷電源（UPS）。切勿將UPS用於激光打印機，因為它會通過UPS消耗過多功率，並可能損壞打印機。
When working with a computer, the largest amount of voltage you will find is located inside the computer’s power supply unit (PSU). You should never disassemble a PSU; when it is broken, simply replace the entire unit. Power supply units are relatively inexpensive, so it is a best practice to simply replace them. Some technicians wonder why they should not disassemble or open the PSU and try to fix it, but the reason is simple — it is very dangerous. A PSU has numerous electrical components that allow it to convert the high-voltage 115-120 VAC (or 230-240 VAC) power into the 12 VDC (volts direct current) that is usable by the computer. Some of these components are capacitors, which cause the power supply to retain lots of voltage (up to 10,000 volts or more) even after the computer is turned off and even after the computer and PSU are unplugged. Therefore, if you want to see the inside of a PSU, search for it on the Internet and look at a picture. It is much safer.使用計算機時，您會發現最大的電壓位於計算機的電源設備（PSU）內部。您切勿拆卸電源設備；損壞時，只需更換整個單元。電源設備相對便宜，因此最佳實踐是簡單地更換它們。一些技術人員想知道為什麼不應該拆卸或打開PSU並嘗試對其進行修復，但是原因很簡單-這非常危險。PSU具有許多電氣組件，可將115-120 VAC（或230-240 VAC）高壓電源轉換為計算機可使用的12 VDC（直流電壓）。這些組件中的一些是電容器，即使在關閉計算機後以及拔下計算機和PSU的電源後，電源也會保持大量電壓（最高10,000伏或更高）。因此，如果要查看PSU的內部，請在Internet上搜索並查看圖片。更安全。
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